Epidemics Of The 19th Century - 2267 Words

Epidemics of the 19th century were faced without the improved medical technologies that made the 20th and 21st-century epidemics rare and less lethal. It was in the 18th century that micro-organisms (viruses and bacteria) were discovered, but it was not until the late 19th century that the experiments of Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur disagreed with the spontaneous generation argument conclusively, crediting the germ theory and Robert Koch s discovery of micro-organisms as the cause of disease transmission. Therefore, throughout the majority of the 19th century, there was only the most basic, understanding of the causes, amelioration and treatment of epidemic disease. Creation of factories, which played a major role in mass production of goods, led to the rapid growth of towns. People, sensing the numerous job opportunities, flooded the towns from their different country sides. Towns quickly became overcrowded and did not have adequate social amenities to cater for their already large and growing population. Without important amenities such as proper drainage, clean living habitats due to the overcrowding and clean drinking water the 19th-century cities were sanctuaries for diseases such as typhoid, tuberculosis and cholera. It was during a cholera research outbreak in 1854 that London doctor John Snow produced his revolutionary work on disease transmission. The widespread use of vaccines begun in the late 19th century. After a cholera bacterium was isolated byShow MoreRelatedThe Ghost Map By Steven Johnson1304 Words   |  6 PagesJohnson is a very detailed account of Dr. John Snow’s remarkable discovery of how Cholera was spread in the 19th century. Johnson chronicles the everyday life of the average english man and woman, and in doing so, reveals the intricacies of changing the way a society thinks and responds to change. The Ghost Map reflects the correlation of the spread of Cholera and social status in 19th century England. It also shows prevailing scientific beliefs at the time and their effect on medicine, accounts DrRead MoreNative American And Native Americans1292 Words   |  6 Pagesbut has not traditionally included Native Hawaiians or certain Alaskan Natives, such as Aleut, Yup ik, or Inuit peoples. Indigenous American peoples from Canada are known as First Nations. Since the end of the 15th century, the migration of Europeans to the Americas has led to centuries of exchange and adjustment between Old and New World societies. Most Native American groups had historically lived as hunter-gatherer societies and preserved their histories by oral traditions and artwork, which hasRead MoreLondon, Being The Densest Settlement On The Planet With 2.5 Million People Into 30 Square Miles1586 Words   |  7 PagesLondon, being the densest settlement on the planet with 2.5 million people into 30 square miles, was emerging as the most populated urban metropolitan in the mid 19th century. Although, London started enjoying the fruits, it was not prepared to face the challenges of the urbanization. It was lacking the infrastructure necessary to support dense civilization like the garbage disposal, clean water supply, sewers, public health care etc. In the absence of an efficient sewage system, people were dumpingRead More History of Public Health Essay1061 Word s   |  5 Pagessmallpox epidemic. An individual without the disease could gain some measure of immunity against it by inhaling the dried crusts that formed around the lesions of infected individuals. Children were protected by inoculating a scratch on their forearms with the pus from a lesion. However, this practice of vaccination did not become prevalent until the 1820s, following the work of Edward Jenner to treat smallpox (Kumar, 2007). When the Black Plaque stuck Europe in the 14th century, many differentRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Meningitis Epidemic1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe first recorded Meningitis epidemic occurred in Geneva in 1805, and shortly afterward several other outbreaks in Europe and the United States were recorded as well. Then, thirty-five years later, the first outbreak in Africa was recorded. The African Meningitis outbreaks became much more common in the 20th century. News Medical stated that â€Å"The first major epidemic was reported in Nigeria and Ghana from 1905-1908.† In the earliest reports, large numbers of people died from this disease. The firstRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Sleeping Sickness1260 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease came in different waves throughout the 19th and 20th century and left many dead, particularly in the lakeshore areas. The written documents from the early 20th century on the sleeping sickness epidemics show that the advancing knowledge derived from medi cal research and experimentations led to the creation of strict public health policies, such as depopulation and restriction of travel, in the modern imperial world. During the early 20th century, there was some general knowledge about tropicalRead MoreSocial and Economic Effects of the Plague on Medieval Islam Societies1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe Bubonic Plague, known more commonly as the Black Death, was a fatal disease that ravaged Asia and Europe during the mid-14th century. Although the destruction the Plague brought upon Europe in terms of deaths was enormous, the Islamic world arguably suffered more due to the fact that plague epidemics continually returned to the Islamic world up until the 19th century. The recurrence of the disease caused Muslim populations to never recover from the losses suffered and a resulting demographic shiftRead More Tuberculosis and Typhus Fever: Diseases of Class in 19th-Century England895 Words   |  4 PagesTuberculosis and Typhus Fever: Diseases of Class in 19th-Century England Missing Works Cited Although more prevalent amongst the working class, tuberculosis and typhus fever were contracted by all populations in Victorian England. People of the upper and middle classes could afford treatment while the poor were often subjected to unsanitary, disease-ridden living conditions. Charity schools were common places of infection due to inedible food and a vulnerability to contagion, i.e., the necessityRead MorePhysical Therapy1408 Words   |  6 Pagesincluding: 1. The history/development/evolution of medical infrastructure in Puerto Rico 2. The polio epidemics in Puerto Rico 3. The polio epidemics in the United States Before embarking on topics that are more directly tied to health, I think it is important to give a brief history of Puerto Rican politics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. I’ve also made one notable excursion into late 19th century Puerto Rican medical history, as one of the major organizers of Puerto Rican independence wasRead MoreTuberculosis As A Disease Responsible For Millions Of Deaths1679 Words   |  7 PagesTuberculosis Tuberculosis, a disease responsible for millions of deaths and has been affecting people since Aristotle’s and Hippocrates’s eras to the present day (Frith, 2014a). Tuberculosis has surged in great epidemics and then receded, Mycobacterium tuberculosis may have killed more persons than any other microbial pathogen (Frith, 2014a). Tuberculosis is an infection by the â€Å"bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis which invades the lungs† (Saladin, 2015) and other parts of the body. Tuberculosis

The Attribution Theory And Development Of Competence And...

(satisfactory relations with others), and at the top of the hierarchy is growth needs (development of competence and realization of potential). The overall idea of this theory is very similar to Maslow’s but in a more rational sense. Alderfer’s theory can also be comparable in a workplace through the idea that people of different status amongst a business environment are motivated by different things; top managers being motivated by self-developmental growth needs, whereas lower level employees strive to climb the hierarchy of needs. The attribution theory is a cognitive approach to understanding motivation, developed by Bernard Weiner in 1974. This theory involves an individual’s belief in whether they have control of certain variables, and whether these variables are internal or external. Internal variables being ability and effort, with effort one has control over and ability one does not have control over, and luck and task difficulty being external variables , with luck being out of an individual’s control, and task difficulty being within their control. This theory is very individualistic meaning these variables are contingent upon the individual. This theory explains why individual’s thoughts, emotions and behaviors occur through a motivational sense. This theory is important to understand because it describes how people respond to adversity, and most importantly can be directly related to how an employee responds in a workplace environment when faced with obstacles.Show MoreRelatedResearch On Children s Selective Learning3388 Words   |  14 Pagesbefore, children actively monitor the knowledge and intentions of potential sources of information, and, all else being equal, prefer to learn from more competent and moral individuals, a phenomenon termed selective learning (see Koenig Stephens, 2014, for a review). Thus far, the extant research on children’s selective learning has focused exclusively on describing c hildren’s sensitivity to various indicators of source competence and morality. The primary aim of the proposed study is to go beyondRead MoreReaction Paper in Hbo8197 Words   |  33 PagesOrganizational system and human behaviour. They informed us that human behaviour is complex and every individual is different from one another. Likewise, the reporter discussed that human being is like other organism that are a product of biological development and environmental interactions. The reporter defines behaviour as a phenotypic trait and as such reflects the history of specific genes, experience and environment and behaviour is how an individual acts and reacts. The reporter also discussedRead MoreEssay about Performance management Performance appraisal2152 Words   |  9 Pageshuman resources management, equal employment opportunity, staffing, talent management and development, total rewards, risk management and worker protection, employee and labor relations. The best organizations understand that managing human resources effectively involves more than focusing only on current employees. It requires a long-term perspective that is responsive to the concerns of current employees; potential future employees and recent employees no longer work for. At the same time, the organizationsRead MoreMultiple Choice Questions for Leadership Management14468 Words   |  58 Pagesitems grouped by chapter and topic. Most of the items were selected from the test bank used with the prior edition of the book, but some are new and some are revisi ons of earlier items. The test items measure specific knowledge about the concepts, theories, research findings, and action guidelines in this edition of the book. Most items deal with major concepts and issues rather than with trivial or obscure points. However, the items are not intended to measure the ability to evaluate, synthesizeRead MoreMultiple Choice Questions for Leadership Management14459 Words   |  58 Pagesitems grouped by chapter and topic. Most of the items were selected from the test bank used with the prior edition of the book, but some are new and some are revisions of earlier items. The test items measure specific knowledge about the concepts, theories, research findings, and action guidelines in this edition of the book. Most items deal with major concepts and issues rather than with trivial or obscure points. However, the items are not intended to measure the ability to evaluate, synthesizeRead MoreLeadership Is A Critical Factor For The Success Or Fai lure Of An Organization2997 Words   |  12 Pagesenthusiastic, and ambitious and with good communication skills. Leadership style of a leader can have a great influence on the performance and satisfaction of their employee. Leader s leadership style can affect an employee’s self-image and resulting potential in either a positive or negative way by being supportive, fair, and encouraging, or unsupportive, inconsistent, and critical. In addition, they can even affect an employee’s health and energy level by creating a stimulating work climate or one filledRead MoreOb Practices at Chaudhary Group in Nepal13261 Words   |  54 Pagesstatus: 23 2.2. Organizational Practices in CG: 23 2.2.1. Workforce Diversity: 23 2.2.2. Work Environment 24 2.2.3. Organization Culture: 25 2.2.4. Recruitment and Selection 26 2.2.5. Competence, Awareness and Training: 27 2.2.6. Training and Development: 28 2.2.7. Motivation: 29 2.2.8. Research and Development: 30 2.2.9. CG Social Responsibility: 30 2.2.10. Global Compact 31 2.2.11. Change Management: 31 2.3. Team Practices in CG 32 2.3.1. Team formation: 32 2.3.2. Communication: 33 2Read MorePositive Psychology5612 Words   |  23 Pagescall for massive research on human strength and virtue and to ask practitioners to recognize that much of work they already do in the consulting room is to amplify strengths rather than repair the weaknesses of their clients. The major psychological theories have changed to undertake the new science of strength. What positive psychology is not? Practicing positive psychology does not mean ignoring things that need to be healed or de-emphasizing feeling like anger, vulnerability, sadness or worryRead MoreLeading Function of Management15642 Words   |  63 Pagesfunction of staffing involves manning the organization structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal development of personnel to fill the roles designed un the structure†. Staffing involves: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Manpower Planning (estimating man power in terms of searching, choose the person and giving the right place). Recruitment, selection placement. Training development. Remuneration. Performance appraisal. Promotions transfer. 2 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT – Report on The LEADINGRead MoreBuilding the Emotional Intelligence of Groups6903 Words   |  28 Pageseyes. The basic message, that effectiveness in organizations is at least as much about EQ as IQ, resonated deeply; it was something that people knew in their guts but that had never before been so well articulated. Most important, the idea held the potential for positive change. Instead of being stuck with the hand they d been dealt, people could take steps to enhance their emotional intelligence and make themselves more effective in their work and personal lives. Indeed, the concept of emotional intelligence

Essay on Art in Society Example For Students

Essay on Art in Society What Im looking at is whether or not kids are being taught the opportunities they have inside the artistic world and whether or not there is enough of it included into a schools curriculum that allows teachers to productively teach it. I believe that the arts are not included into the basic core classes (Math, English, History, and Science) enough to provide students with the knowledge of its importance. Many confuse arts educations tit going to a performance, knowing how to do an activity, knowing how to create a performance, and so on. Many do not realize that arts education is understanding the historical background and not just understanding the physical activity or performance. Although that is a great part of learning about the arts it is not the only thing. Many people believe the arts are not taught enough in public schools. Some teachers even claim there is so little time for the arts, which allow kids to express themselves individually in a creative way. With o many standards teachers find that its hard to fit in the arts. Many teachers have to sacrifice two to three weeks a semester just for testing They also have to make sure the kids understand all they need to know before advancing to the next grade. Art education has suffered a great amount due to increased standards in Math, Social Studies, Science, and English. Many schools, like North Carolina schools, believe it is important to not only have a class that teaches the in-depth knowledge of the subject but to also have it emerged into a childs favorite subject or into most Of the subjects so they can connect it With everyday things. Mixing arts and the common core classes will allow students to express their creativity and allow connections to be made that assures that the work will become relevant to the student and have a deeper meaning. If schools found some way to incorporate the arts into every subject, little by little kids will gain a greater understanding of the arts, These should include the historical backgrounds of the art form whenever they are incorporated and like it was state above, they should be made relevant to the childs interest to allow connections to be made. Providing the ability for kids to learn about the arts will help them realize how many opportunities they have inside the artistic spectrum. Works Cited Picnics-Goodwin, S. (2012).

The Very Hungry Caterpillar and Winter Dreams Essay Example

The Very Hungry Caterpillar and Winter Dreams Essay Compare and Contrast Rough Draft on Winter Dreams, and The Very Hungry Caterpillar. The childrens book The Very Hungry Caterpillar and the adult novel Winter Draft are almost impossible to relate in obvious terms, for one character is a man coming of age, and the other is a caterpillar. Both stories however are able to be compared and contrasted when both themes are put back to back for examination. Ultimately, Winter Dreams and The Very Hungry Caterpillar are compatible to each other wrought the theme of why they desired what they desired, the object being desired, and the characters outcome and how it affects the theme. Both Dexter and the caterpillar had a greedy hunger for things in order to achieve their ultimate goal. For the caterpillar eating to satisfy his everlasting hunger, was all in order to become a butterfly at the climax of his existence. Dexter however, gained wealth and knowledge in order to obtain his biggest desire; Judy. We will write a custom essay sample on The Very Hungry Caterpillar and Winter Dreams specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Very Hungry Caterpillar and Winter Dreams specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Very Hungry Caterpillar and Winter Dreams specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Both obsessions of becoming the butterfly ND having Judy eventually drove both characters to disaster. Nonetheless, the caterpillar had a moment of realization, which was gained after the caterpillar became sick from eating too much food. Later the caterpillar goes back to eating a leave and is automatically cured and ready to become a butterfly. Dexter fails to have a moment of realization until the end when it is too late and he had turned down marriage and Judy had become unattractive and married. Becoming the butterfly as the final goal of the caterpillar, as much as having Judy was Testers greatest desire. Judy was every mans greatest desire, yet she was rude, spoiled, and self- centered. Because being a butterfly was the caterpillars lifes climax, Judy represents desire that is not worth striving for, and becoming the butterfly is achieving maximum happiness. The butterfly and Dexter both gained the requirements to met their goals but Testers desire for Judy was proved to be in vain .